They can, if nobody plans for them. Sending fees, correspondent deductions and conversion spreads all bite between your account and the destination. Ask your bank for the full cost picture and arrange for the instructed amount to arrive intact. Program amounts are in US dollars, and only the US$15,000 processing fee is stated to be nonrefundable.
Budgeting the transfer so the delivered figure is the right one
Separate amounts already paid from the current gift instruction. For an individual principal, spouse and two eligible children, US$60,000 in processing fees plus US$4,000,000 in gifts totals US$4,060,000; paying the fees does not leave a US$4,060,000 gift balance. Obtain the bank’s estimate of charges and confirm the credited amount against the verified instructions, keeping additional medical, visa and professional expenses outside that calculation.
Under the published framework the applicant makes a gift to the U.S. government and pays a processing fee. Corporate 1% annual and 5% transfer charges have additional conditions and new vetting where applicable. State Department visa fees, USCIS fees on Form G-1055 for any petition or adjustment, and medical examinations are additional and are set by those agencies rather than by the program.